This chapter deals with diseases affecting the anus and rectum, which form the final part of the digestive system. Hemorrhoids (piles), anal fissures, perianal fistulas , rectal stenosis, and rectal prolapse are the most common diseases. Patients often delay seeking medical attention due to fear and embarrassment. Delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to irreversible complications. I have answered frequently asked questions about proctology diseases in short videos.